Hookworm infection: an in-depth examination
The parasitic nematode hookworm that lives in the host's small intestine is a major health problem in many countries. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 57 6-740 million people are affected by hookworms worldwide. The main symptoms of these intestinal parasites are anemia and malnutrition. Their microscopic larves are capable of entering the skin and posing a serious public health threat, especially in areas with poor hygiene.
What is Hookworm?
The hookworms belong to the soil transmitted helminths. Two species are most common infecting people: Ancylostoma americanus and Necator duodenale. The parasites are found in tropical and subtropical regions that have humid, warm climates. The parasite's life cycle begins with egg laying within the intestines, and then the eggs are excreted in the form of feces. The eggs are laid in the soil and hatch into larvae that can infect another animal.
Anemia is a common manifestation of the infection due to adult worms feeding on blood. In children, a prolonged infection can cause cognitive and physical impairment. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that hookworm infection occurs in 576-740 millions people around the world, mainly in poor communities.
The Common Causes Of Hookworm Infection
Infections caused by hookworms are the result of direct soil contamination. The primary causes are:
- Walking barefoot on contaminated soil
- Consumption of food or soil contaminated with feces carrying hookworm egg
- Exposition to contaminated agricultural, domestic or recreational areas
Common Treatments of Hookworm
The treatment for hookworms is simple and effective. Primary treatments for hookworm include:
- Mebendazole, Albendazole is the most commonly used antiparasitic drug. They are effective against adult worms in 90- 95% of cases.
- The iron supplements are used to treat anemia that is caused by hookworm infections.
- Support nutrition: Counter malnutrition caused by chronic infections.
Hookworm: Expert opinions
Experts stress the importance of prevention, especially improved sanitation, in controlling hookworm infection. The CDC promotes regular deworming and hygiene education for at-risk groups. Multiple studies show that mass drug distribution can reduce hookworm infection rates in areas with endemic infections.
Prevention and Natural Remedies
There are also natural treatments and prevention methods that you can use to reduce the chance of infection. They include:
- Handwashing regularly, particularly before eating and after toilet use.
- Assuring the proper disposal of human waste.
- Protective footwear is important to prevent skin contact with soil contaminated.
- Properly cooked food reduces your risk of eating contaminated food.